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Onychomycosis or nails fungus at an advanced stage.Signs, types, treatment methods

According to medical statistics, onychomycosis or fungal damage is a fairly common nail disease, often turning into an advanced form.

Fungus of nail - What is it?

Onychomycosis is fungal damage to the nail plate caused by various types of microorganisms, mainly Dermatophytic fungi.These pathogens can live and multiply in an environment favorable for them. The disease is contagious, for this reason, for its treatment, dermatologists and specialists in infectious diseases are discussed.

Most often, infection occurs in public baths, saunas, swimming pools.The development of fungal lesions can also be caused by a nail plate injury, a state of secondary immunodeficiency and antibiotic disorders.

   In the early stages of the development of the disease, the following symptoms take place:

  • Barely noticeable spots and strips on the nail plate (1 degree of damage);
  • peeling of the skin and cracks on the fingers and in interdigital areas;
  • The nail chandelier is lost;
  • The color of the nail plate changes;
  • The surface of the nail is distorted.

Usually people don't pay attention to these signs. In the absence of treatment, the development of the fungal lesion occurs at the advanced stage, when microorganisms are introduced into the nail plate and already put their vital activity under it.At this stage It is difficult to get rid of the disease, since the nail becomes a kind of "shelter" of fungi from the effects of local drugs.

Causes of the advanced onychomycosis stadium

The main reasons for the transition to the neglected form of the nail fungus are:

  • Non -efficient drugs - often the use of various antifungal varnishes and poorly acting creams in the treatment of fungal nails lesions;
  • Premature treatment has started;
  • self-medication.

Fungal damage to nail plates are not as safe as it sometimes seems. The active development of microorganisms can lead to their entry into the blood circulation and the tissues of the internal organsWhich affects the work of immunity.There is an increase in the risk of infection by viral and infectious diseases.

Also Relapse of the disease is possible.This happens when the patient has not been fully treated, did not follow the doctor's recommendations, with the development of microorganisms for drugs and ignore patients of preventive measures.

What is the danger of a neglected form of the fungus of the nails?

The development of the nail fungus to a neglected form leads to consequences such as:

  • reduction in immunity;
  • increase the risk of viral and infectious diseases;
  • the penetration of mushrooms into the blood and the internal organs;
  • Dermatitis varieties, eczema;
  • exacerbation of chronic diseases;
  • the risk of transition from fungus to the skin;
  • The development of allergic reactions to toxins is the occurrence of asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis.

Aside neurological disorders There are violations of the emotional context: The emergence of depression, neurosis, frequent irritability.

When detecting nail mushrooms It is important to carry out an appropriate treatment This pathology, compliance with daily hygiene, as well as the prevention of all family members, because the disease is very contagious.

Hygienic procedures for fungal lesions involve the use of Nail baths with the addition of soda, vinegar, sea salt, potassium permanganate, plant decorations.It is also important to change socks, to wipe your legs and the area between the fingers after washing.

Types of mushrooms

The most common pathogens of onychomycosis are Dermatophytic fungi - About 86% of all cases.Much less often the disease can cause yeast and mold mushrooms.The lesion of the nail plate can be observed, the source of which is immediately 2 or 3 types of pathogens.

The most common onhomitosis is caused by such varieties of microorganisms:

  • dermatophytes;
  • mussels;
  • Yeast mushrooms.

Nail penetration most often occurs through its side part, Damaged jewel of the skin and nail plate.These microorganisms are unable to confront the body With reduced immunity. Dermatophytes cause a change in the nail structure by the formation of cavities and canals.

Damage caused by nails can be caused and moldsBut quite rarely.When diagnosing the disease in this case It is possible to determine the pathogen, because the characteristic symptoms are generally absent.In this situation, can only help Bacteriological analysis. Onychomycosis treatment, caused by mold mushrooms differs from the treatment of nail damage by other microorganisms.

Among the yeast, onychomycosis most often causes fungi Candidiasis.In the standard, they are on the skin and mucous membranes of each person. Provoking factor For the development of nail damage, yeast mushrooms are also Improvement of immunity.Destruction of the nail following the activity of these microorganisms comes from its base, next to the cuticle.

Signs of fungus in advanced form

The following characteristics are characterized by the advanced form of the disease:

  1. Distressing nail plates with their thickening or slimming.The growth of the stratumin layer prevents the effect of a fungus of drugs.
  2. Relaxing, destruction of nail plates.
  3. Change the color of the nail plates, which can be different: from grayish yellow to brown and black.This is due to the stratification of the nail, as mushrooms, dirt, dead skin scales penetrate it.
  4. In the area between the fingers, the skin is red with signs of coat, the presence of itching and pain.
  5. More than two nails are affected.
  6. The release of the nail nail nail or its complete destruction.

Complications

Nail fungus transition to a neglected form Dangerous The fact that the active development of these microorganisms leads to a large number of toxic products they produce.

Following this, serious somatic diseases can develop:

  • toxicododerm;
  • toxic hepatopathy;
  • Layella syndrome.

Also The disease is dangerous for thosethat in the absence of appropriate treatment or incorrect therapy with progression, can lead to The complete destruction of the nail plate.

Skin lesion With fungal infection frequent complication: Red rashes appear on the body, the patient feels burning and itching, after a certain time, areas that secrete the transparent fluid shape on the eruption site.

Most unwanted complication The spread of fungal infection is In internal organs, because with this development of the disease, treatment will be serious and long.

Risk groups

The following groups of people are distinguished by the most subject to the development of fungal nails damage:

  1. Elderly and advanced age.

Factors causing the fungus of these people:

  • changes in the skin associated with age;
  • Increase in perspiration;
  • the presence of concomitant diseases;
  • Take drugs weakening the body (antibiotics, corticosteroids);
  • hormonal violations;
  • gastrointestinal disorders.
  1. Male faces, Especially military, athletes (Due to the long -term port of special shoes, changing rooms, a common soul).
  2. People who have A family member suffers from fungal defeat legs.
  3. Residents of the city (By Reason to visit public places, like swimming pools, baths, saunas, gymnasiums, manicure and pedicure salons with insufficient disinfection).

Drug varieties

The treatment of the fungus in an advanced form should be complete.After examining and carried out the necessary tests, the doctor prescribes the following types of medication:

  • System action drugs - Mushroom tablets taken inside;
  • Local preparations - ointments, varnishes and creams applied to the affected areas;
  • means for the general strengthening of the body and vitamins;
  • If there is a need - Remove the nail plate (in particularly serious cases).

Description and methods for using drugs

A serious approach - The key to a successful mushroom treatment in an advanced form.Patients who regularly use drugs prescribed by the doctor without transmitting their use are the best results. With non-compliance with medical recommendations The fungus can be purchased Medicines resistance and you must select new drugs, which will lead to additional difficulties.

General rules for the use of drugs:

  • Varnishes, gels and ointments are only applied to purification and the dried surface of the nail plate;
  • All drugs for an external application They are used regularly: Once or twice a day (precise information can be read in the drug instructions);
  • Before applying varnish or ointment on the nail, It is necessary to save it as much as possible from damaged tissues and neighboring areas of the nail plate;
  • The use of varnish - 2 times in 7 days;
  • Do not use pregnant women and children Local drugs prohibited by instructions, specialized drugs for these patients are prohibited;
  • apply Local nail medicines should be regularly throughout the year or more;
  • Take tablets only as prescribed by a doctor;
  • The frequency of the application tablets - one or more times a day for about 7 days, Then follows interrupt for a period of about 3 weeks (depending on the medication);
  • during treatment You can't drink alcohol;
  • Sometimes parallel use is required drugReduce harm Impact on the liver.

Types of nail plate elimination

Removal of the affected nail plate It is carried out if the drug treatment does not provide results.This procedure is necessary for it to be possible to develop a new healthy nail.

The standard method to eliminate the affected nail plate is Surgery Use anesthesia to avoid pain.In the process, the entire nail and only its part, subject to the fungus, can be deleted.

If you wish Remove the nail without unnecessary discomfort You can opt for Material pedicure.This method is carried out under sterile conditions of a medical institution.It's in Assigned nail provision Using various nozzles and cutters from the device.The procedure is absolutely carried out painless With preliminary softening of the nail plate with special solutions.After removing the affected areas, the ointment and the bandage are applied to the treated area, fixed with a patch.

The nail plate can also be removed chemical method - on the assigned place is bunk Keratolic patch And not deleted within 2-3 days.Meanwhile, the stratum layer of the nail plate is dissolved.

With a small area of fungal damage, it is possible Home deletion method.It will be necessary first steam And if necessary, use special varnishes to soften its surface.SO Use of accessories for pedicure The affected part of the nail is removed. The method is not suitable for complete deletion nail plate.

Remove the nail with a laser

Laser removal - the most commonly used method in treatment Mushroom nails.HAS The advantages of the procedure are its insufficiency And the ability to eliminate the home from infection at any depth.

The advantages of this method are also:

  • Safety and precision of the method - The laser only removes affected areas without falling on neighboring tissues, and Disinfect the injury in the nail bed area to eliminate the risk of infection;
  • Lack of pain, Since the method refers to an invasive minimum;
  • The short duration of the procedure - The removal of a nail only lasts a few minutes;
  • Great efficiency;
  • The relatively low cost of the procedure is its accessibility.

Contraindication To make the laser removal of the nail, this is the presence Diabetes decompensated mellitus, malignant tumors, inflammatory processes and viral infections In the body.You cannot do the procedure and with pregnancy.

The day before laser removal, the legs should be steamed.After the bath with soda and domestic soap, it should Attach and cut the nail surface as much as possible.

When reducing the nail laser in a mushroom place, the heat is felt.For a complete remedy for a neglected form, around 10 procedures will be required.

The disadvantages of the elimination of the nail

Often, after removing the nail plate, unwanted consequences occur:

  • The growth of a new nail In the nail bed - a kind of "side effect";
  • possible Infection of wounds after surgical removal (To avoid this, you must change the bandage over time and use various ointments with antimicrobial effects);
  • possible Deformation of the new nail plate.

In the case of a nail and an injury infection, it is necessary to request a doctor.

Nail fungus during pregnancy

The main factors causing onychomycosis during pregnancy:

  • Lack of traces - potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and others;
  • weaken the immune forces of the body;
  • Increase in perspiration;
  • alteration of blood circulation in the feet;
  • diabetes.

For the fetus, the danger lies in the possible manifestation of the disease at birth, as well as its transition to a chronic form.

Characteristics of mushroom treatment during pregnancy

The difficulty of treatment Onychomycosis during pregnancy It consists of the prohibition of most modern drugs. This measure is necessary to avoid damage to the fetus, as these drugs are toxic.It is best to get rid of the fungus after childbirth.

In the event of danger of fungal lesions, a special symptomatic treatment is sometimes prescribed for the fetus.Most often, it consists of folk methods that can easily be carried out at home.

Self-medication during pregnancy is not allowed - Only an experienced doctor should compile a therapy scheme.

A common treatment for the treatment of fungi during pregnancy:

  • softening the affected areas by applying an oil jelly on them before going to bed, the compress is left until the morning;
  • In the morning, they make a hot bath with the addition of soap and laundry soda;
  • jump from the affected part of the nail and keratinized skin;
  • Apply local drugs prescribed by the doctor.

The evolution of the treatment of nail fungi during pregnancy should not exceed 30 days.

Hydrogen peroxide against the fungus

Hydrogen peroxide for onychomycosis is used in complex therapy to disinfect the affected area and destroy microbes, The substance is not able to kill the fungus.This liquid is good to also treat the damaged area.

The advantage of peroxide is that it can be used by pregnant women.

This tool is used as follows:

  • Make a bath with hot water and the addition of copper sulfate for damaged steam areas of the nail plates;
  • Wip the skin dry;
  • The peroxide is abundantly moistened with a cotton and applied to the wounded nail, then fixed with a bandage;
  • After 40 minutes, the compress is withdrawn, a softened keratinized layer is scraped with lit nails and the local antifungal medication prescribed by the doctor is applied.

Such procedures are carried out twice a day: in the morning and before bedtime.

Hydrogen peroxide can be used in another way.You will need 2 liters of water and 100 ml of hydrogen peroxide.The liquids are mixed and the feet are immersed in the resulting solution for half an hour.Then the legs are wiped, the affected areas are cut, a therapeutic ointment is applied.

Children's nail mushroom

Onychomycosis in children often occurs due to the weakening of immunity. Another provoking factor is the insufficient thickness of the skin, which is why the risk of infection by a fungus in childhood increases considerably.

In the treatment of nail fungi Children consume local drugs: ointments, creams.They are used 1 or 2 times a day, the amount of use depends on the degree of damage.The details of these drugs are that they do not enter the blood, and They don't hurt the child's body.

As system medicines, the doctor can prescribe medicines in the form of capsules, tablets, syrups.It is also possible the purpose of intramuscular or intravenous injections.The treatment can be both outpatient and stationary.

System preparations have a negative effect on the kidneys and the child's liverTherefore, they are prescribed extremely rarely when local drugs are ineffective.

Home remedies

In the treatment of an advanced form, the fungus can be The following folk recipes are effective.Some of them:

  • Home ointment: You will need 200 g of butter, a raw chicken egg with a shell, 100 g of acetic acid (70%).The first two ingredients are mixed, the third is poured without mixing, covered with a lid, placed in the refrigerator for 7 days.Once the egg shell is dissolved, the product is carefully mixed. Keep refrigerated.
  • The roots of Calamus (15 g) are paid 250 ml of boiling water, the infusion is aged for half an hour under a dense cover. Drink medication 60 ml 4 times a day. You can use baths with Calamus.In 250 ml of boiling water, you fall asleep 30 g of raw materials, let it prepare half an hour.In the liquid resulting by 15 minutes, hold the nail plates affected by the fungus. After 7 procedures, they will collapse. With parallel treatment, ointments against fungus for 1.5 months are possible to get rid of the disease.
  • Take ash of 3 cigarettes, mix it with 0.5 teaspoon.Toothpaste with fluoride. Make compresses With this remedy for the night, the next morning to wash.
  • Propolis: The joints of the golden mustache factory (50 pcs.) Pour 500 ml of vodka, I insist 14 days.For treatment, take 3 water parts and 1 part of the golden mustache dye, mix and apply to the affected nails twice a day.
  • 15 g of celandine, 30 g of lilac flowers, 45 g of minced oak bark are mixed.The dry mixture is poured with 500 ml of water, boiled for an hour. Compresses with this infusion are applied to damaged nail plates, Fixed with bandages.The treatment continues until complete recovery.

All popular treatment methods should only be used after consulting a specialist after their approval.

Prevention measures

In order to avoid infection with a fungus, the following recommendations must be followed:

  • carefully observe the rules of personal hygiene;
  • Perform a daily disinfection of shoes using special UV dryers to destroy the fungus in it;
  • Do not walk barefoot in public places (baths, saunas or swimming pools), after visit and water procedures, use antifungal ointments and creams;
  • Do not wear someone else's shoes and hosiery.

A global approach to treatment, as well as compliance with the above rules will contribute to rapid healing and the prevention of nail mushrooms.